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Concluding chapter of the article on phaneriscopy

by John F Sowa

I finally finished the article on phaneroscopy and sent it off to the publisher. The final Section 7 is attached. It shows that Peirce's writings in the last decade of his life are at the forefront of ongoing research in the cognitive sciences (philosophy, psychology, linguistics, artificial intelligence, neuroscience, and anthropology). At the end, I include links to a few other articles that go into more detail about current issues and the importance of Peirce's insights. John

9 months, 3 weeks

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Survey of Semiotics, Semiosis, Sign Relations

by Jon Awbrey

Survey of Semiotics, Semiosis, Sign Relations • 5 • https://inquiryintoinquiry.com/2024/01/26/survey-of-semiotics-semiosis-sign… All, C.S. Peirce defines “logic” as “formal semiotic”, using “formal” to distinguish the role of logic as a normative science, over and above the descriptive study of signs and their role in wider fields of play. Understanding logic as Peirce understands it thus requires a companion study of semiotics, semiosis, and sign relations. What follows is a Survey of blog and wiki resources on the theory of signs, variously known as “semeiotic” or “semiotics”, and the actions referred to as “semiosis” which transform signs among themselves in relation to their objects, all as based on C.S. Peirce's concept of triadic sign relations. Please follow the above link for the full set of resources. Articles and blog series on the core ideas are linked below. Elements — • Semeiotic ( https://oeis.org/wiki/Semeiotic ) • Sign Relations ( https://oeis.org/wiki/Sign_relation ) Sources — C.S. Peirce • On the Definition of Logic • https://inquiryintoinquiry.com/2012/06/01/c-s-peirce-on-the-definition-of-l… C.S. Peirce • Logic as Semiotic • https://inquiryintoinquiry.com/2012/06/04/c-s-peirce-logic-as-semiotic/ C.S. Peirce • Objective Logic • https://inquiryintoinquiry.com/2012/03/09/c-s-peirce-objective-logic/ Blog Series — • Semeiotic ( https://inquiryintoinquiry.com/2008/07/30/semeiotic/ ) Regards, Jon cc: https://www.academia.edu/community/ln9YwL cc: https://mathstodon.xyz/@Inquiry/111822550270837874

9 months, 3 weeks

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Re: [PEIRCE-L] 10 Classes of Signs (Question on CP 8.376, 1908)

by John F Sowa

Jon, Helmut, List, I don't disagree with your analysis. But what it shows is that abstract analysis provides zero information about any particular case. Peirce revolutionized the field of logic, he made major contributions to methods of reasoning, to methods of analysis and to methods of representation in lexicography, phaneroscopy, semeiotic, and, scientific research (methodeutic). His 10 classes of signs are important, but beyond that, he could only give a few examples, and he never showed the value of that abstract analysis with any concrete results for any kind of application. Fortunately, Lady Welby had an enormous influence on Peirce. She had zero interest in those abstractions. In evaluating the importance of Peirce's late writings, it's essential to read his letters to her. She kept him focused on reality. It's not an accident that Peirce dropped the word 'phenomenology' and replaced it with 'phaneroscopy', which puts more emphasis on concrete examples, rather than formal analysis. In his last decade, his examples and methods of analysis show a strong influence of Welby's interests and subject matter. He kept working on EGs, but he used them to represent subjects that are more concrete than abstract -- he kept that goal of representing images, especially stereoscopic moving images. Although Welby did not understand EGs, I believe that she kept him focused on representing imagery. And I believe that the importance of imagery is the reason why he replaced the trichotomy of word oriented rheme-dicisign-arguent with the more general trichotomy that included imagery: seme-pheme-delome. John ---------------------------------------- From: "Jon Alan Schmidt" <jonalanschmidt(a)gmail.com> Helmut, List: HR: it is the interpreter, who does the inference ... it is the interpreter, who receives the sign, and then forms the interpretant As I have said before, this is true in the sense that the interpreter's mind is another sign, which co-determines the dynamical interpretant along with the individual sign being analyzed. That is why the same individual sign can have different dynamical interpretants--different interpreters have different collateral experience and different habits of interpretation. Any dynamical interpretant of an individual sign (the effect that it actually does have) is a misinterpretation to the extent that it deviates from the final interpretant of that sign (the effect that it ideally would have), which obviously must be consistent with its immediate interpretant (the range of effects that it possibly could have). The proper aim of inquiry in accordance with the normative science of logic as semeiotic is conforming all our dynamical interpretants of signs to their final interpretants, i.e., adopting only true beliefs such that the corresponding habits of conduct would never be confounded by any possible future experience. HR: The sign anyway is prescinded from the, in reality not reducible, sign triad. ... Prescission might be seen as an error, so this is error propagation. Again, in my view, each individual genuine triadic relation with its three individual correlates is prescinded from the continuous process of semiosis. Prescission should not be seen as an error--it "consists in supposing a state of things in which one element is present without the other, the one being logically possible without the other" (EP 2:270, 1903). We can suppose an individual sign with its individual object and its individual interpretant being present, apart from other signs with their own objects and interpretants, because these are all entia rationis--"fictions recognized to be fictions, and thus no longer fictions" (R 295, 1906). As an engineer, I routinely employ prescission to create diagrams of buildings that include only their primary members and connections, omitting everything else that is really present but incidental to their structural behavior. Such a model is not erroneous as long as it adequately captures every aspect that is significant for the analysis being performed (https://www.structuremag.org/?p=10373). Regards, Jon Alan Schmidt - Olathe, Kansas, USA Structural Engineer, Synechist Philosopher, Lutheran Christian www.LinkedIn.com/in/JonAlanSchmidt / twitter.com/JonAlanSchmidt On Wed, Jan 24, 2024 at 9:13 AM Helmut Raulien <H.Raulien(a)gmx.de> wrote: Jon, Cecile, List, Jon, in your first paragraph you wrote about inference. I agree. Therefore I find it a bit problematic to say, that the sign determines the interpretant, because the sign doesn´t infere, it is the interpreter, who does the inference. But ok, I guess we might say, that Peirce prescinds the semiosis from the interpreter, so, ok, the flow of determination goes from the sign to the interpretant, because it is the interpreter, who receives the sign, and then forms the interpretant, and, if you donot mention the interpreter, well, then you just skip her/him/it. But I think, that this skipping is only justified, if the interpretant is true, because then it (the interpretant) is a subset of the final interpretant, and not a misinterpretation. But: Can we take that for granted? Talking about precission: The sign anyway is prescinded from the, in reality not reducible, sign triad. If we say, that something prescinded determines something else, this determination too is prescinded. Prescission might be seen as an error, so this is error propagation. That, i guess, is the reason, why this whole determination affair is somehow confusing. It surely is, if we take "determination" too literally, I mean, if we take it too muchly for real. Do you agree? You see, I have been trying very hard to not contradict Peirce. Best, Helmut

9 months, 3 weeks

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Re: Survey of Cybernetics

by Jon Awbrey

Survey of Cybernetics • 4 • http://inquiryintoinquiry.com/2024/01/25/survey-of-cybernetics-4/ ❝Again, in a ship, if a man were at liberty to do what he chose, but were devoid of mind and excellence in navigation (αρετης κυβερνητικης), do you perceive what must happen to him and his fellow sailors?❞ — Plato • Alcibiades • 135 A All, This is a Survey of blog posts relating to Cybernetics. It includes the selections from Ashby's “Introduction to Cybernetics” and the comments on them I've posted so far, plus two series of reflections on the governance of social systems in light of cybernetic and semiotic principles. Please follow the above link for the full set of resources. By way of a selection, links for the series on “Basal Ingredients Of Society” are given below. Basal Ingredients Of Society (BIOS) — Prologue • https://inquiryintoinquiry.com/2015/09/01/basal-ingredients-of-society-prol… Comments 1 https://inquiryintoinquiry.com/2015/09/02/basal-ingredients-of-society-comm… 2 https://inquiryintoinquiry.com/2015/09/03/basal-ingredients-of-society-comm… 3 https://inquiryintoinquiry.com/2015/09/04/basal-ingredients-of-society-comm… 4 https://inquiryintoinquiry.com/2015/09/06/basal-ingredients-of-society-comm… 5 https://inquiryintoinquiry.com/2015/09/06/basal-ingredients-of-society-comm… 6 https://inquiryintoinquiry.com/2015/09/07/basal-ingredients-of-society-comm… 7 https://inquiryintoinquiry.com/2015/09/07/basal-ingredients-of-society-comm… Prescription • https://inquiryintoinquiry.com/2015/09/10/basal-ingredients-of-society-%e2%… Regards, Jon cc: https://www.academia.edu/community/LpPgxL cc: https://mathstodon.xyz/@Inquiry/111817811736090395

9 months, 3 weeks

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The Second International Measuring Ontologies for Value Enhancement Workshop (MOVE 2024)

by Polovina, Simon (BTE)

The Second International Measuring Ontologies for Value Enhancement Workshop (MOVE 2024) Call for Papers and Presentations (Online) Date 14-15 June 2024 (two days) Venue This virtual event is organised by the International Laboratory for Endeavour Architecture (ILEnA) in conjunction with the DigiSAS Lab, School of Computer Science, University of Technology Sydney, Australia. About The MOVE (Measuring Ontologies for Value Enhancement) is a community of academic researchers and industrial practitioners that aim to inspire research, discussion, and tools to achieve value from ontologies by measuring their impact in all fields. These measures would identify where there are gaps and overlaps within and across ontologies and the extent to which they are applied in multiple disciplines towards a holistic general ontology. For example, contemporary enterprise architecture frameworks contain ontologies through their metamodels but exclude measures that address sustainability and the circular economy. If we are to bring computer productivity that the automation of ontologies can offer to all human endeavours, then we need to MOVE them. The first MOVE workshop led to the peer-reviewed “Measuring Ontologies for Value Enhancement: Aligning Computing Productivity with Human Creativity for Societal Adaptation<https://link.springer.com/book/9783031222290>” publication by Springer CCIS in 2022. That publication contained selected and extended papers from the inaugural MOVE workshop. We identified the present-day challenges for MOVE, extending into multifaceted areas such as the separation of fake versus actual knowledge, fair knowledge sharing, advancement of knowledge-sharing methods, and tools to put the specialised knowledge pieces together. We covered: * the complexity of knowledge-intensive societal endeavours, particularly on the dynamics of these systems * methods for modelling ontologies, recognising inconsistent ontologies, creating ontologies of explanations * creating ontologies for worldviews to advance (digital) ontologies for the humanities * enterprise ontologies, extending enterprise architecture * endeavour architecture for broader societal adaption and modelling of involved agents and agencies, their intelligence and formal concepts * tools to MOVE enterprise architecture development with formal concept analysis and strategy ontology * knowledge discovery and innovations through collaboration tools that facilitated knowledge mapping and knowledge discovery, and collaboration for sensemaking and innovations * trusted data sources to advance research on social determinants, inequalities, and the underuse of social prescriptions for mental health * case studies such as the domain ontology of FinTech and how it may be shared with the broadest audience Submissions We, therefore, invite submissions that promote MOVE from the following areas: * artificial intelligence, general and domain-specific * case studies or histories * bringing computer productivity to individual or organisational human creativity * communication theories and practices * conceptual graphs, formal concept analysis, or other conceptual structures * data infrastructures * data, information, knowledge, and wisdom space * enterprise and endeavour architectures * ethical theories and moral practices * government services * industry or third-sector applications * knowledge graphs, linked data graphs, or enterprise data graphs * large language models * modelling theories and practices * ontology theories and practices * philosophical foundations * neuroscience and phycology relevant for AI * semantics * semiotics * societal adaption * systems theories and practices * value inquiry * vocabularies, taxonomy, and ontology * web-based, cloud, mobile, or other software tools * user experiences * any other area relevant to MOVE The submissions may include proposals, in-progress research, scientific results, tools, industrial practices, or other artefacts to stimulate productive and interactive discussions during the workshop. Each submission must have a paper of up to 8 pages (excluding references) intended for presentation at the workshop. Please adhere to the format and guidelines provided by the Artificial Intelligence and Applications (AIA) journal, available at https://ojs.bonviewpress.com/index.php/AIA/about/submissions All submissions must be original work, and authors must certify copyright ownership. Submission System Please send all your submissions and correspondence to MOVE(a)sysaffairs.org<mailto:MOVE@sysaffairs.org> Proceedings Workshop papers and presentations will be published online with open access by ILEnA. Selected and extended papers from the workshop will be published in a peer-reviewed special MOVE volume of the Journal of Artificial Intelligence and Applications (AIA). Authors may choose to assert their Open Access and Retention Rights. Authors of the selected papers will not be required to pay any fees. Information about the AIA journal can be found here: https://ojs.bonviewpress.com/index.php/AIA/index Deadline April 30th, 2024 Organisers Rubina Polovina, Systems Affairs, Toronto, Ontario, Canada Simon Polovina, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield, UK Neil Kemp, Kemp & Associates Inc., Ottawa, Ontario, Canada Ivan Launders, BT, UK Asif Gill, DigiSAS Lab, School of Computer Science, University of Technology Sydney, Australia Program Committee Matt Baxter, Polypipe, Doncaster, UK Jamie Caine, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield, UK Giulia Felappi, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK David Jakobsen, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark Anant Jani, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK Aidin Kerem, Ontario Public Service, Toronto, Ontario, Canada Wim Paul Remi Laurier, Université Saint-Louis, Brussels, Belgium Pana Lepeniotis, Data Clarity Ltd, Nottingham, England, UK Aldo De Moor, Community Sense, Tilburg, The Netherlands Suzana Stojakovic-Celustka, InfoSet, Zagreb, Croatia Ragupathi Sundararaj, Ontario Public Service, Toronto, Ontario, Canada Dr Simon Polovina, Department of Computing, Sheffield Hallam University Cantor Building, 153 Arundel St, Sheffield, UK S1 2NU Web: www.shu.ac.uk/about-us/our-people/staff-profiles/simon-polovina<http://www.shu.ac.uk/about-us/our-people/staff-profiles/simon-polovina> │ www.polovina.me.uk<http://www.polovina.me.uk/> Email: S.Polovina(a)shu.ac.uk<mailto:S.Polovina@shu.ac.uk>

9 months, 3 weeks

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Survey of Definition and Determination

by Jon Awbrey

Survey of Definition and Determination • 3 • https://inquiryintoinquiry.com/2024/01/24/survey-of-definition-and-determin… All, In the early 1990s, “in the middle of life's journey” as the saying goes, I returned to grad school in a systems engineering program with the idea of taking a more systems-theoretic approach to my development of Peircean themes, from signs and scientific inquiry to logic and information theory. Two of the first questions calling for fresh examination were the closely related concepts of definition and determination, not only as Peirce used them in his logic and semiotics but as researchers in areas as diverse as computer science, cybernetics, physics, and systems science would find themselves forced to reconsider the concepts in later years. That led me to collect a sample of texts where Peirce and a few other writers discuss the issues of definition and determination. There are copies of those selections at the following sites. Collection Of Source Materials • https://oeis.org/wiki/User:Jon_Awbrey/EXCERPTS Excerpts on Definition • https://oeis.org/wiki/User:Jon_Awbrey/EXCERPTS#Definition Excerpts on Determination • https://oeis.org/wiki/User:Jon_Awbrey/EXCERPTS#Determination What follows is a Survey of blog and wiki posts on Definition and Determination, with a focus on the part they play in Peirce's interlinked theories of signs, information, and inquiry. In classical logical traditions the concepts of definition and determination are closely related and their bond acquires all the more force when we view the overarching concept of constraint from an information-theoretic point of view, as Peirce did beginning in the 1860s. Regards, Jon cc: https://www.academia.edu/community/lzPvjV cc: https://mathstodon.xyz/@Inquiry/111811992310745260

9 months, 4 weeks

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The object of reasoning is to find out …

by Jon Awbrey

The object of reasoning is to find out … • https://inquiryintoinquiry.com/2024/01/23/the-object-of-reasoning-is-to-fin… ❝No longer wondered what I would do in life but defined my object.❞ — C.S. Peirce • “My Life, written for the Class-Book” (1861) ❝The object of reasoning is to find out, from the consideration of what we already know, something else which we do not know.❞ — C.S. Peirce • “The Fixation of Belief” (1877) If the object of an investigation is to find out something we do not know then the clues we discover along the way are the signs which determine that object. People will continue to be confused about determination so long as they can think of no other forms but analytic-behaviorist-causal-dyadic-temporal, object-as-stimulus, sign-as-response varieties. It's true ordinary language biases us toward billiard‑ball styles of dyadic determination but there are triadic forms of constraint, determination, and interaction not captured by S‑R chains of that order. A pragmatic‑semiotic object is anything we talk or think about and semiosis does not conduct its transactions within the bounds of object-as-cue, sign-as-cue-ball, and interpretants as solids, stripes, or pockets. References — Peirce, C.S. (1859–1861), “My Life, written for the Class-Book”, pp. 1–3 in Writings of Charles S. Peirce : A Chronological Edition, Volume 1, 1857–1866, Peirce Edition Project, Indiana University Press, Bloomington, IN, 1982. • https://inquiryintoinquiry.com/2016/03/16/abduction-deduction-induction-ana… Peirce, C.S. (1877), “The Fixation Of Belief”, Popular Science Monthly 12 (Nov 1877), pp. 1–15. Reprinted in Collected Papers, CP 5.358–387. • https://www.cspeirce.com/menu/library/bycsp/fixation/fx-main.htm#CP5.365 • https://www.cspeirce.com/menu/library/bycsp/fixation/fx-frame.htm Regards, Jon cc: https://www.academia.edu/community/5kKDw5 cc: https://mathstodon.xyz/@Inquiry/111806330146461931

9 months, 4 weeks

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Differential Propositional Calculus • Discussion

by Jon Awbrey

Differential Propositional Calculus • Discussion 7 • https://inquiryintoinquiry.com/2023/12/02/differential-propositional-calcul… Re: Differential Propositional Calculus • Discussion 1 • https://inquiryintoinquiry.com/2020/03/12/differential-propositional-calcul… All, Reinaldo Cristo asks what I think of the following thesis: ❝We can say that emptiness came first, as it is the basis of the invention of mathematics, our perception, and numerical base 2. Do you agree or disagree?❞ I reply as follows: A great many things in life and mathematics are built up through the persistent application of the most elementary steps to the humblest of beginnings. So there may be something to that. Regards, Jon cc: https://www.academia.edu/community/leKpQV

10 months

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Inquiry Driven Systems • In the Way of Inquiry

by Jon Awbrey

In the Way of Inquiry • Recircus • https://inquiryintoinquiry.com/2023/01/06/in-the-way-of-inquiry-recircus-a/ ❝I must lie down where all the ladders start In the foul rag and bone shop of the heart.❞ — W.B. Yeats • https://web.archive.org/web/20200402124816/https://www.web-books.com/Classi… I have in mind circling back to a point in my project on Inquiry Driven Systems, namely, the chapter addressing various Obstacles to the Project. Overview • https://oeis.org/wiki/Inquiry_Driven_Systems_%E2%80%A2_Overview Obstacles • https://oeis.org/wiki/Inquiry_Driven_Systems_%E2%80%A2_Part_5#Obstacles Regards, Jon cc: https://www.academia.edu/community/5wyx1L cc: https://mathstodon.xyz/@Inquiry/111711093052443586

10 months

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Free download of an excellent book on NLP

by John F Sowa

Juravsky and Martin have released a draft of the latest version of their book: Speech and Language Processing. Daniel Jurafsky & James H. Martin. Copyright © 2023. All rights reserved. Draft of January 5, 2024. https://web.stanford.edu/~jurafsky/slpdraft/ I tried to download a copy of the whole book, but it was not available. However, it's possible to download the PDFs, chapter by chapter. The newest chapters (11 and 12) are about LLMs and related issues. Since the authors are well-known experts on NLP, I would have more trust in their knowledge and evaluation of LLMs than I would of most writings on this topic. My only concern is that they put a strong emphasis on NN methods and don't say enough about other methods for AI and NLP. But that can be remedied by reading books and articles on a broader range of topics. John

10 months

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